Way guard for machine tools



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PBLFQRLL ET AL,

WAY GUARD FOR MACH. NE TOOLS Filed March -26, M1324 March 9 1926.

l E. P. BURRELL ET AL WAY GUARD FOR MACHINE Toons med Marchze, 1924 '5 sheets-sheet 2 E. F. BURRELL ET AL WAY GUARD FOR MACHINE TOOLS wie@ March 26, y1924 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Qld/MAMA *grafi/LIM mg/l@ we@ March 9, 1926. 1,575,735

. r-:. P. BURRELL ET A1.

WAY GUARD. FOR MACHIINE `ITOOLS y Filed March' ze, i924 5 sheets-sheet 4 Eff?.

March 9 1926. y' 1 l l E. P. BURRELL ET AL l WAY GUARD FOR MACHINE Toons l Filed March ze, 1924 5 sheets-shut 5 Patented Mar. 9, 1926.

UNITED STATES EDWARD P. BURRELL'OIF SHAKER HEIGHTS, AND JOHN J'. N. VAN HAMERSVELD,V

CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNORS TO THE WARNER AND SWASEY GOMEANY, 4;,.5

o la o PATENTA UWE@ CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO. y

WAY GUARD FOR MACHINE TOOLS.

Application led March 26, 1924. Serial No. 701,909.

To all whom it may concern Beit known that we, EDWARD P. BURRELL and JOHN J. N. VAN HAMnRsvnLD, citizens of the United States, and residents, respect-ively, of'Shaker Heights, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, and Cleveland, in the county ot Cuyahoga and yState of Ohio, havel invented a certain new and uset'ul Improvement in lrVay Guards Jfor Machine Tools, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to way guards for machine tools, and has particular reference to machine tools having two or more sliding members with at least one common way for such members.

It is a well-known fact that in many kinds ot' machine tools, such` as lathes, grinding machines. and the like, chips, dirt and dust lodge on the ways, and by- -mixing with the lubricant ot the ways form an abrasive comg pound which causes very serious wear on the working orvcontacting surfaces of the Ways and sliding members, requiring that the contact surfaces, particularly of the ways be planed oil' fromtime to time, or otherwise re-machined to remove the eti'ects of the wear.. This is not only expensive and re du'ces the lite of the' machine, but' it results i an ecouoinic loss due to the fact that theinachine is oi necessity out of commission while thus being repaired. *Furthermore, a rc-machining ofthe surfaces requires a realignment. oi the sliding bodies with relation to the work holding spindle. In tact, thewdiliiculties ot' restoring the machine to a proper working condition after it has been adversely atl'ected by wear for thel reasons stated, are so great that it is v,often necessary that the machines be shipped to the factories where they were originally constructed, and this of necessity deprives the owners of their use for a considerable periodof time, as wellas entailing a great deal of expense.

The principall object of the invention is to provide practical means for guarding and protecting the working surfaces of the ways ot a machine tool, wherein one or moregot the ways are common to two,or more slid.. .fi-Tang members, so as to extend the Alife of tools of this kind andY to 4adequately protect the working surfacesloi the Ways from thefchips, vdirt'vand dust, and from being injured by wrenches or heavy work pieces being placed upon, or accidentally dropped onthe ways, as they are at times, if left unprotectedry i The above vobjects are attainedby they L present invention, which may be here briefly summarized as consisting in certain `novel details of construction, and combinations and arrangements of parts which vziil he described in the speciiication and set forth inl the appended claims.

Our inventionmay be applied advantageously to many kinds of machine tools such as both metal and wood working machines,

including metal and wood working latlies,'

grinding machines and the like,'but in the drawings We havelillustrated our inventori as applied to a'turret lathe, Without, how ever, limiting vthe invention to a machine tool` of this type.

In the accompanying sheets of drawings,

Fig 1 is a sideyiew of a turret lathe constructed in accordance with, or embodying our invention; Fig. 2 is a .transverse tional view ot' the same' substantially along the line 2-2 looking in the direction indin cated by the arrows; Fig. 3 is a plan view omitting the head and showing the cross slide carriage and the turret saddle with the various operating parts omitted; al-

a sectional view slightly enlargedg' the section being taken substantially along the line fiewi of Fig. 2l, lookingr in the dir \ction indicated by the arrows; Fig. 5 is a transverse scc tional view on an en'larged'scale, showing particularly the ways and way guards and omitting some of the parts shown in Fig'. S, this section being taken substantially along the line .Vi-#5 of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a trans verse sectional view substantially` along the line 6--6 of Fig. 3, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows; Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view of the way illustrated at the lett hand side ot' Fig. 5, showing a slight modification; Fig. 8 is a View corresponding to Fig. ,7. showing a further slight inediti gcatio'n; Fig. 9 is a .view corresponding to Fig. 6 and taken at the rear endof the tur ret saddle, showing the same modification; Figs. 10 and 11 are views corresponding to Figs. 8 and 9, showing a further slight modifieation; Fig. 12 is a plan`view corresponding to Fig. 3, showing my invention applied to a lathe wherein two Ways only are provided for the cross slide carriage and turret saddle, both ways being common to both sliding members; Fig. 13 is a crosssectional view corresponding to Fig. 'and taken substantially along thefline 13-13 of Fig. 12, looking inthe direction indicated by the arrows, the parts being shown on a slightly enlarged scale; and Fig. 14 is a similar sectional view taken substantially along the line 14-1-1 ot' Fig. 12, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Referring now to the drawings, and first to sheets 1, 2 and 3 thereof, 10 represents the lathe bed, 11 the head having a spindle carrying, in this insta-nce, a chuck 12. Ad-

ditionally 13 represents a turret saddle ear rying a turret 14, and 15 represents a cross slide carriage carrying a cross slide 16.

All the parts mentioned may be of the usual, or any construction, as the details ofl tion illustrated in sheets 1 to 4. The turret saddle in this instancetravels over the ways 17 and 18, whichare parallel to each otherk and arranged at the top of the bed, the way 17 being a rear way and the way 18 being a front or forward way, and the cross slide carriage is supported on the upper front way 18 and the lower front way 19. Therefore with this construction the upper front .way 18 is common to both the turret saddle and cross slide carriage, and it is particular- 1y in the guarding of this common way 18 that the invention resides.

A suitable guard for the rear way 17 presents no serious problem since this way is traversed by one slide only, hence we are enabled to adequately guard this way by attaching to the front of the turret saddle a forwardly projecting way guard 20 and to the rear end of the turret saddle a rearwardly projecting way guard 2()n of the desired lengths. These guards consist simply of inverted. U Vor V shaped members which tit over the working surfaces of the way 17and have suitable'supporting and sliding Contact therewith. To enable the turret saddle to be brought up close to the nead, if desired, the latter is provided with a clearance opening 22 (see Fig. 2) for the forwardly projecting way guard 20.

For the purpose ofguarding the front way 18, which as previously stated, is common to, or is traversed both by the turret saddle and cross slide carriage, in accordance with thel present invention there is provided what might be termed a composite guard composed of telescopic or relatively slidable members, part inl Supporting relation tothe other, and part carried by the turret saddle and part by the cross slide carriage, these members by their eooperative relation forming a complete housing for the way 18, similar in function or eii'ect to the one-piece way guard 20 or 20.

In the preferred form ot' the invention, the guard for the way 18, both forwardly of and rearwardly of the turret 'saddle consists of three members including. a top guard member and two lower guard members, the former being attached to the turret sady die, andthe latter to the cross slide car riage. In the 'construction illustrated, the upper' guard member 23 is attached to the front end of the turretv saddle so as to project forwardly from the turret saddle over the/way 18 through and beyond the cross slide carriage, and to the rear end of the turretsathlle thereis attached a similar upperguard member 23, this projecting rearwardly of the turret Saddle over lthe way 18.

To the fro-ut side of thel cross slide carriage,

and in this instance, to a lateral extension 15X thereof, there are attached two lower guard members 24 and 25 which project forwardly from the cross slide carriage over or along the way 18 beneath the upper guard member 23 attached'to the turret saddle. In a similar fashion there is attached tothe rear side of the cross slide carriage, similar lower guard members 24" and 25, these members projecting through the turret saddie 13 over or along the way `18 beneath the upper guard members 23 and 28 attached to the turret saddle, as explained. All the before'mentioned guard members 2U, 20, 23, 2'", 24, 24, 25 and 25 may be attached in any suitable fashion to the turret saddle or cross slide carriage, as by means of screws 26 passing through ears or angularly bent ends of the guard members, as clearly illust-rated ini the drawings.

As herein illustrated, tlie `upper guard x'nembcrs 23 and 28a extend over and guard the top portion, of the way 18, and in this ease these guard members are substantially in the form of an inverted U .or V, but this particular shape is unnecessaryxand these guard members may be otherwise shaped, as will be explained.

The. forwardly projecting upper guard member 23 attached to the turret saddle passes through a cored opening 27 (see Figs. 4 and in the upper portion of the croSS llo v1,575,7'35 t n slide carriage. This opening providesclear- Additionally, clearance is provided be ance between this upper guard member and `tween the forwardly projecting guard mem? the cross slide carriage, and has a shape bers 23, '24'andl25 and the head 11, Aand this corresponding to" 'the shape of the guard may be accomplishedas in this instance by member. This guard `member' 23 and' the so shaping the yhead that the guard members opening`27 in the cross slide carriage are, may pass freely alongside of it, or if in any. as lclearly illustratedy in lFig. 5, above the lniachine'this is not possible or desirable, they" way 18, so' that beneath this opening the "may,'to provide the necessary clearance, exmaterial or lbody yof this cross slide 4carriage 'tend.,throughlorintmmopening,of the head' is left unbroken to formtheV supportinxporsuch as. the opening 22. provided wfoiftleL 75a' tion of the cross slide carriage desigred to guard over the rear-Wayl'?.

rest upon the way, precisely the same as if ltlWll be noted, particularly by reference the opening 27 were not provided. to Fig/,4, that the coredopeiiing 2T extends The Itwo guard members 24 and 25 and A through the upper portion o-t' the cross slide 24a md 25 are 0n Opposite Sides,A 0f the top carriage, and not through the 'extension 15",. SQ y portion ,of the way 18. and they I.bridge or Likewise it will, be observeilthat the upper,

close the spacebetweentlie upper guard guard member 23`a`i`ter passingthrough'the membersg?, and 231and the way. Likewise, ycored opening. 27 rests upon, and therefore,`

additionally, the guardmembers 23 and 23'.,has supporting engagement with the OP .0f

at or near their longitudinal edges rest upon this cross slide extension 15". This sup- S5 and liave'sliding` contact with'the top edges plements the Supporting action ot the lower j ofthe` guard `members'- 24 and 25 and-24:a gua-rd members of the cross slide carriage, and a so that the upper guard members but without .this support on the extension of 23 and 23ab are tliusfadequately.SDpportede-tthewcrosstslide, V'the Iupper-guard members 25 The guard members I'24k and 25 and 24a and are well supported and by reason of the sup- 90 25L are upright members, orhave upright porting action ofthelower.guard-members portions whwh. in the prferedI ernlood'i they are able to withstand shocks incident to ment are parallel 'to eachother, and itis on blows :accidentally delivered` to 'the upper the top'edgesot1 these upright portions that guard members'mthe useA of the machine. -y

39 the upper guard members' 'msnen-the latter,- 1 In the Construction already described,the05 preferably overhanging the upright portions llppfgul'd mCmberS 23lflld'23alst 0n the f of the lower guard members, as illustrated, top edges ofthe lower guard members atr to better exclude dirt', dust, and particulartacked to the cross slide'carriage, but, in ly to prevent the cutting compound getting Some instances-it may be desirable to supple- P inside the guard members, and therefore on inent'this-'sliding contact by a more positive. "l"

the working surfaces 'of Athe 4way and the COllIleCtlOh, aS by.' fOl'lnlng One part in the members which slide thereon. l i l yform of alto'ng'ue and the other in the foi-in Whilethese upright portions of the lower 0f .a groove 0 1 Slet to receive `the tongue. guard members are in Athe preferred formy This modification in'diieren't forms is illus- 1u) of the invention parallel to each other, as li'ltd lIiFigS. 8 to 11'. In Figs. 8 'and 9 105 above'stated, one or both of the lower guard Vvthe upper 'guard member, designated 23'is l members mayl extend outwardly(rtoarand'at? doubled"Inivaldly'upon itselt'fas'illustrated right angles to the upper guard lmember, as at 23c forming-lllWllClly afndupwardly fm" illustrated in Fig.'7, where this slight modiing grooves or slots,vand the two, lower guard 45' ficnton is applied t0 the inside lower guard members attached to the cross slide c ai- Hf) y, member, here designated 25., riage, and here designated and 25, haveL The rearwardly projecting,""ower guard Atheir edge portionsfbent laterally and'downmembers 24; and 2 5 Ipass through slotsin the Waldly, and. these extend into said-glQOlSl turret saddle which are indicatedba't 28 in or-,slotsgof then upper guard nieii'iberfland 5" Fig. 6 so as to avoidinterference between have slidingengagementtherein.' With. this li.

the cross slide carriage and its associated construction a closeriuikm isprovided'bef y guard members, and the` turret saddle, and l,tweenthe upper and lower guard ii'iembers, in this respect these slots perfoi'muthersamefandd'us't iii-: :the like nal-more effectively ex. function as the cored openingr27lwhich vaceluded, particularly as it prevents the sepas ooinmodates the/fumier guard member23 "ration'orgappingof the parts forany cause,1" proj'ecting forwardly from the' turret saddle. as by a 'blow `ironi a heavy work piece or' Additionally, however, these slots which tool. A Yfurther advantage is that the guardI have a width so that 'the 'guard membersl members may' be formed of* thnner or will have a close working tit'therein, act as lighter'gauge material than in the eggstruc m guides to hold the guard members therighta tion iii-st described, l'particularly ir- 125' distance apart. Thus the cross slide ,carf j'rangeme'nt provides a greater inherent "stil riage and turret saddle may be brought close ness in the several parts.l 4

to` each other without any possible inter- As already stated, it is not essential that, ference by reason of the guard members vthe upper guard members be ot' inverted U ab which they carry. or-V shape. On the Iother hand, these guard 3 i membersy may be fiat, or substantially flat, or otherwise shaped, and in Figs. l and 1,1 I

have shown a construction wherein the nppcr guard members, .here` designated 23, are

dat, the edges being interlocked with the lower guard members, here designated 24d and in the manner illustrated in Figs. l0 and 11.

lVe prefer that the clearaneeopen1ng'-m the cross slide carriage previously desigessential. and in FigflO I have shown a.`

modification in the form of this opening, the opening being here designated 27d. The opening herein illustrated may `be in the form of a milled slot, the bottom ,wall of which is not continuous. In such case the top of the way may project up into the slot,

. and serve as a support for the middle portion of the upper guard member, as illustrated in this figure.

lVhen the lower formed, as in Figs. 8 to 11, obviouslythe clearance slots provided in the turret saddle, and previously designated 28, must, of course, be shaped to accommodate the modi- 'tied form or shape ot' the lower guard members. It. is not necessary that the shape of the slots provided in the turret saddle 'correspond precisely to the shape of the lower guard members which" extend through the turret saddle, as will beseen by reference to Figs. 9 'and 11 vwhere the slots, designated 2S. have lower parallel portions to accommodate the' lower parallel portions of the lower guard members, and 4have suitable ,enlargements which can be drilled or Otherwise 'formed to arconnnodatethe ,laterally or laterallv and downwardly bent 1 upper portions of the lower guardmember's.

' Thus it will be seen that ay way guard is provided for a vway., over whiehtwo slides or members are adapted to travel, and that this way is .as effectively 'protected as is the way over which only a single member 'is adapted to travel, and it will 4be seen that this is accomplished in this instanceby the provision of guardmembers which are at.-

. tac-hed to. both of'thc slides ortraveling another and with respect. to the head. j

The lathe or machine tool described above,

is provided with only one way. common to both sliding members, but our invention is equally applicable to machines wherein the two or more sliding members are supported on two ways,instead of three; that is to say, wherein two ways are common to a plurality of sliding'nembers, generally two in `,number, and inv Figs. 12, 13 and 14' we liawf'e illustrated somew-hat conventionally a turret lathe wherein the turret saddle, here designated 13, and the cross slide carriage 15, are both supported on two upper ways 17 and 18, both at the top of the bed. Of course, with such a construction, the llower way 19; of the lathe first described is HDDCCQSSII'Y.

Whenthe turret saddle and cross slide carriage are supported in this fashion, our improved way guards are applied to both ways, as it is applied to the single common way 18 of the .construction first described. In thus applying our invention to both ways, any of the modifications previously described may be employed, but in Figs. 12, 13 and 14,

1 for convenience, the' form of rthe invention guard members are illustrated in Figs. 1 to 6 is utilized; that is to' say, there is attached to the front end of l the turret saddle, upper guard members 23 which project forwardly through` the cross slide carriage 15'L over both ways 17 and 18, and there is attached to the rear end of the turret saddle, upper guard members 23a which project rearwardly over both 4ways 17"and 18, Similarly,l thdie are attached to the' front side of the cross slide carriage two pairs of lower guard members 24 and 25, which project forwardly along the two ways 17l and 18- in supporting relation to the two upper guard, embers 23, and in similar fashion there are. attached to the rear side of the cross slide carriage, two pairs of lower guard members 24l and 25 which extend through the clearances in the turret saddle beneath the upper guard members 23 and 23, as illustrated in the drawings.

As the inner sides of the two ways 17l and 18 are in this instance somewhat dif ferently formed than the way 18, the long inner slant being dispensed with, the inner lower guard members may be shaped precisely like the outer -lower guard members,

and they may be given 'a bearing on shoulders 17 and 1S" provided along the inner sides of' the ways 17and 18, as illustrated in Figs. 13' and 14, thus providing additional support-s for these particular guard members. A

lt will be seen from the above that our` invention. is equally applicable to machines having either one or aplurality of Ways commouto two or more sliding members.

Ve do not desire tobe confined to the precise details or arrangements shown. 'nor to the type of machine tool shown and `described, but,v aim in our claims to cover all tending over the common way or ways and'` protecting the Working surfaces thereot without interfering with themovements or' the sliding members, said guard,l members being in overlapping relation and one attached to one sliding member and another to another sliding member.

2. A machine tool having a plurality of ways and a` plurality of sliding members movable toward and from each other along said nays, one or more of said ways being connnon to said members', and rigid guard members enclosing said common way or ways so as to protect the Working surfaces thereof without interfering withl the relative movements of the sliding members, said guard members being composed of relativelyl sliding parts carried by said sliding members. i

A machine tool having a plurality of ways and a plurality. of sliding members movable along the same, one or more of said Ways beingcommon to said members, and guard members attached to said sliding members and extending between them in overlapping relationship yand serving to protect the working surfaces of said common v/ay or ways Without interfering with the relative movements of the sliding members. fr. A machine tool having a plurality ot sliding members, a way over which said sliding members are adapted to travel, and a guard for said .way composed of guard i'nembers attached'to said sliding members and. protecting/the working surfaces of said 'way Without interfering with the relative movements of the sliding members, each sliding member 'having a clearance for the guard member carried by the other sliding member. i

sliding membersadapted to,travel thereover, and a guard `for such way composed of relatively slidable parts and protecting the working surfaces 'of the way without intorering with the relative n'iovci'nents of the sliding members.

o'. A machine tool having a way and two sliding members adapted to travel thereover, and a guard for Isuch way composed o overla'g ping guard members attached to said sliding members.

7. lua machine tool, a way and two sliding members adapted to travel thereover, and a guard for said way composed ofguard members attached lto both .sliding members and .protectingthe workiegsuraees of said way without interfering with the relative movements of the sliding meinbers,cach of the latter having an opening adapted to accommodate a guard member of the other slidingmember.

Sqln amachine tool, a way and two sl1d ing members adapted to travel thereovcr,

and a guard for said way composed of aplurality or' relatively movable guardmembers attached to the sliding members, one in supporting relation to another.

E). ln a machine tool, a way and two slid` ing members adapted to travel ther-cover, and a guard for said way composed of upper and lower guard members, Ione attached to one sliding meinber and another attached ,toanother shdmg member.

l0. In a machine. tool, a plurality of sliding members, a plurality of waystherei'or, one or more of said ways being common to said'sliding members, and a guard for said common way or ways composed of a plurality of relatively slidable guard members including upper and lower guard members.

' 1.1.-1'n a machine tool, a plurality of sliding men'ibcrs, a plurality o t ways therefor, at least one common to said sliding members, and a guard for said common way or ways, said uard being composed of a plurality of re ativelyv slidable guardA members including an upper guard member. and two lower guard members, the upper guard member being vattached to one sliding member, and the lower guard members being attached to another sliding member.

12. In a machine tool, a plurality of sliding members and ways therefor including one or more which are common to said sliding members, a guard for said` common way or ways including` a guard member attached to one. sliding member and having a Clearance in an adjacent sliding member, and lcooperating guard mcmbers attached to the Said adjacent sliding member and having clearance in thc lirst named sliding member.

13. In a machine tool, a -plurality of slidl, ing members,`a way over which said members are adaptedito travel, and a guard for 5. A machine tool having a Way and two said way including a member attaphed to one of said sliding members and having a support on anothorof said sliding members.

14. In a machine tool, a plurality of sliding members, away over which said me1ubers are adapted to travel, andl :1 guard for said way composed of relatively slidablc n'iembcrs including a guard member attached to one ot saidsliding members and having a support on said way.

15. ln a machine toolyaplurality of sliding members, a way over which said members are adapted' to travel, and a guard for protecting the working surfaces of said way, composed cfa plurality of relativelv movable guard members, one of said guard members being attached to one of the slid1 ing members :ind having n support on another sliding member.

1G. Al machine tool having a plurality of sliding members, a way,v0ver which said members are adapted to travel toward and from eneh other, :1nd a guard for said Way composed of relatively movable guard mem` bers attached to said sliding members, part arranged above and overhanging other guard members.

In testimony whereof, We hereunto affix our signatures. EDVARD P. BURRELL. JOHN J. N. VAN HAMERSVELD. y 

